The deployment of intercropping and agroforestry as adaptation to climate change

Food security is threatened by the combined pressures of increasing populations and climate change. Agricultural land vulnerable to overexploitation environmental Within this review, we identify role multiple cropping systems as an adaptation method towards Intercropping, relay or simultaneous cultivation two more crops, agroforestry, incorporation trees on at least 10% agricultural land, provides alternative practice which can provide many advantages over industrial sole cropping. Examples from these are given indicate how increased yield, stability, ecosystem services societal benefits when adopted. We also discuss instances where may be maladaptive desired not achieved. Finally, highlight important considerations constraints limiting adoption alternate modelling approaches used reduce uncertainty altering systems. This review challenges traditional concept increase crop yields whilst maintaining sustainability. Future research should aimed overcoming revolutionise global production.